Governments recognise the importance of a good diet for health and wellbeing of their citizens. At the same time there are large health disparities, and different socioeconomic groups in Europe have differential access and ability to choose healthy foods that can help them to maintain their health. It is recognised that increasing socioeconomic inequalities in diet and health over the past decade have coincided with large and detrimental changes in the food environment. The food environment is described as all contexts in which people engage with the food system to make their food choices. To date, to improve population diets, government actions relied predominantly on individuals changing their behaviour, while the food environment in which these choices were being made remained largely unchanged. This approach not only ignores that poor diets are the result of a complex web of determinants, also dietary and health inequalities increased in recent years. There is a growing consensus that structural changes are needed through the simultaneous implementation of a comprehensive set of actions and policies, including improvements of the food environment to create a shift towards healthy dietary choices in the entire population. The overarching aim of FOODPATH is to identify and understand the societal, commercial and political determinants and mechanisms of food-related inequalities, and to provide solutions which have the potential to break through the cycles maintaining unhealthy dietary behaviours and food-related inequalities in Europe. It will take a mixed methods approcah using established frameworks to investigate the upstream factors which influence dietary behaviours among disadvantaged communities providing an understanding of how food policy, social policy and commercial interests could impact socioeconomic inequalities in diet. Collectively, these outcomes will provide structural insights and solutions to reduce food-related inequalities in Europe.